Staudt, C. B., Lussi, A., Jacquet, J. & Kiliaridis, S. White spot lesions around brackets: in vitro detection by laser fluorescence. Eur J Oral Sci 112, 237–243, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.2004.00133.x (2004).
Mattousch, T. J., van der Veen, M. H. & Zentner, A. Caries lesions after orthodontic treatment followed by quantitative light-induced fluorescence: a 2-year follow-up. Eur J Orthod 29, 294–298, https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjm008 (2007).
Höchli, D., Hersberger-Zurfluh, M., Papageorgiou, S. N. & Eliades, T. Interventions for orthodontically induced white spot lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Orthod 39, 122–133, https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjw065 (2017).
Ren, Y., Jongsma, M. A., Mei, L., van der Mei, H. C. & Busscher, H. J. Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and biofilm formation–a potential public health threat? Clin Oral Investig 18, 1711–1718, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-014-1240-3 (2014).
Gorelick, L., Geiger, A. M. & Gwinnett, A. J. Incidence of white spot formation after bonding and banding. Am J Orthod 81, 93–98 (1982).
Richter, A. E., Arruda, A. O., Peters, M. C. & Sohn, W. Incidence of caries lesions among patients treated with comprehensive orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 139, 657–664, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.06.037 (2011).
Featherstone, J. D. B. & Chaffee, B. W. The Evidence for Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA(R)). Adv Dent Res 29, 9–14, https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034517736500 (2018).
Gao, S. S., Zhang, S., Mei, M. L., Lo, E. C. & Chu, C. H. Caries remineralisation and arresting effect in children by professionally applied fluoride treatment – a systematic review. BMC Oral Health 16, 12, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-016-0171-6 (2016).
Petersson, L. G., Twetman, S. & Pakhomov, G. N. The efficiency of semiannual silane fluoride varnish applications: a two-year clinical study in preschool children. J Public Health Dent 58, 57–60 (1998).
de Oliveira, B. H. & Dos Santos, A. P. Semiannual Fluoride Applications in Low-Risk Toddlers May Not Be More Effective Than Toothbrushing Instruction and Dietary Counseling in Controlling Dental Caries. J Evid Based Dent Pract 16, 246–248, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebdp.2016.11.006 (2016).
de Oliveira, P. R., Fonseca, A. B., Silva, E. M., Coutinho, T. C. & Tostes, M. A. Remineralizing potential of CPP-ACP cremes with and without fluoride in artificial enamel lesions. Aust Dent J, https://doi.org/10.1111/adj.12305 (2015).
Muller, F. et al. Elemental depth profiling of fluoridated hydroxyapatite: saving your dentition by the skin of your teeth? Langmuir 26, 18750–18759, https://doi.org/10.1021/la102325e (2010).
Bergman, G. & Lind, P. O. A quantitative microradiographic study of incipient enamel caries. J Dent Res 45, 1477–1484 (1966).
Pandya, M. & Diekwisch, T. G. H. Enamel biomimetics-fiction or future of dentistry. Int J Oral Sci 11, 8, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-018-0038-6 (2019).
Rechmann, P., Chaffee, B. W., Rechmann, B. M. T. & Featherstone, J. D. B. Changes in Caries Risk in a Practice-Based Randomized Controlled Trial. Adv Dent Res 29, 15–23, https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034517737022 (2018).
Urquhart, O. et al. Nonrestorative Treatments for Caries: Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. J Dent Res, 22034518800014, https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034518800014 (2018).
Fernandez-Ferrer, L. et al. Enamel remineralization therapies for treating postorthodontic white-spot lesions: A systematic review. J Am Dent Assoc 149, 778–786 e772, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2018.05.010 (2018).
Jablonski-Momeni, A. & Heinzel-Gutenbrunner, M. Efficacy of the self-assembling peptide P11-4 in constructing a remineralization scaffold on artificially-induced enamel lesions on smooth surfaces. J Orofac Orthop 75, 175–190, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-014-0211-2 (2014).
Amaechi, B. T. Remineralisation – the buzzword for early MI caries management. Br Dent J 223, 173–182, https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2017.663 (2017).
Alkilzy, M., Santamaria, R. M., Schmoeckel, J. & Splieth, C. H. Treatment of Carious Lesions Using Self-Assembling Peptides. Adv Dent Res 29, 42–47, https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034517737025 (2018).
Philip, N. State of the Art Enamel Remineralization Systems: The Next Frontier in Caries Management. Caries Res 53, 284–295, https://doi.org/10.1159/000493031 (2018).
Jablonski-Momeni, A. et al. Randomised in situ clinical trial investigating self-assembling peptide matrix P11-4 in the prevention of artificial caries lesions. Sci Rep 9, 269, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36536-4 (2019).
Kind, L. et al. Biomimetic Remineralization of Carious Lesions by Self-Assembling Peptide. J Dent Res 96, 790–797, https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034517698419 (2017).
Kirkham, J. et al. Self-assembling peptide scaffolds promote enamel remineralization. J Dent Res 86, 426–430, 86/5/426 (2007).
Brunton, P. A. et al. Treatment of early caries lesions using biomimetic self-assembling peptides – a clinical safety trial. Br Dent J 215, E6, https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2013.741 (2013).
Mannaa, A., Sedlakova, P., Bommer, C., di Bella, E. & Krejci, I. In IADR Vol. 96th General Session (London, GB, 2018).
Bröseler, F. et al. Randomised clinical trial investigating self-assembling peptide P11-4 in the treatment of early caries. Clin Oral Investig, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-02901-4 (2019).
Nyvad, B. & Baelum, V. Nyvad Criteria for Caries Lesion Activity and Severity Assessment: A Validated Approach for Clinical Management and Research. Caries Res 52, 397–405, https://doi.org/10.1159/000480522 (2018).
Mortensen, D., Gizani, S., Salamara, O., Sifakakis, I. & Twetman, S. Monitoring regression of post-orthodontic lesions with impedance spectroscopy: a pilot study. Eur J Orthod, https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjy075 (2018).
Longbottom, C., Huysmans, M. C., Pitts, N. B., Los, P. & Bruce, P. G. Detection of dental decay and its extent using a.c. impedance spectroscopy. Nat Med 2, 235–237 (1996).
Cohen, J. E. The association between CarieScan Pro readings and histologic depth of caries in non cavitated occlusal lesion in vitro. MS (Master of Science) thesis, University of Iowa, (2013).
Alkilzy, M., Tarabaih, A., Santamaria, R. M. & Splieth, C. H. Self-assembling Peptide P11-4 and Fluoride for Regenerating Enamel. J Dent Res 97, 148–154, https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034517730531 (2018).
Tassery, H. et al. Use of new minimum intervention dentistry technologies in caries management. Aust Dent J 58(Suppl 1), 40–59, https://doi.org/10.1111/adj.12049 (2013).
Schmidlin, P., Zobrist, K., Attin, T. & Wegehaupt, F. In vitro re-hardening of artificial enamel caries lesions using enamel matrix proteins or self-assembling peptides. J Appl Oral Sci 24, 31–36, https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-775720150352 (2016).
Kamal, D., Hassanein, H., Elkassas, D. & Hamza, H. Comparative evaluation of remineralizing efficacy of biomimetic self-assembling peptide on artificially induced enamel lesions: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 21, 536–541, https://doi.org/10.4103/JCD.JCD_123_18 (2018).
Pandis, N., Chung, B., Scherer, R. W., Elbourne, D. & Altman, D. G. CONSORT 2010 statement: extension checklist for reporting within person randomised trials. BMJ 357, j2835, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j2835 (2017).
Pearl, J. Causality. Models, Reasoning, and Inference. 2nd edn, (Cambridge University Press, 2009).
Harrell, F. E., Jr. & Slaughter, J. C. In Biostatistics for Biomedical Research (2001–2019).
Lesaffre, E., Philstrom, B., Needleman, I. & Worthington, H. The design and analysis of split-mouth studies: what statisticians and clinicians should know. Stat Med 28, 3470–3482, https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.3634 (2009).
Hujoel, P. P. & Loesche, W. J. Efficiency of split-mouth designs. J Clin Periodontol 17, 722–728, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051x.1990.tb01060.x (1990).
Kenward, M. G. & Roger, J. H. Small sample inference for fixed effects from restricted maximum likelihood. Biometrics 53, 983–997 (1997).
Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP). Points to consider on adjustment for baseline covariates. Statistics in Medicine 23, 701–709, https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.1647 (2004).
Harrell, F. E., Jr. Regression modeling strategies. With applications to linear models, logistic and ordinal regression, and survival analysis. 2nd edn, ix, 5, 19, 104, (Springer, 2015).
Wasserstein, L. R. & Lazar, N. A. The ASA’s Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose. The American Statistician 70, 129–133, https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2016.1154108 (2016).
Takahashi, F. et al. Ultrasonic assessment of the effects of self-assembling peptide scaffolds on preventing enamel demineralization. Acta Odontol Scand 74, 142–147, https://doi.org/10.3109/00016357.2015.1066850 (2016).
Wierichs, R. J., Kogel, J., Lausch, J., Esteves-Oliveira, M. & Meyer-Lueckel, H. Effects of Self-Assembling Peptide P11-4, Fluorides, and Caries Infiltration on Artificial Enamel Caries Lesions in vitro. Caries Res 51, 451–459, https://doi.org/10.1159/000477215 (2017).
Krejci, I., Lieber, C. M. & Lutz, F. Time required to remove totally bonded tooth-colored posterior restorations and related tooth substance loss. Dent Mater 11, 34–40, https://doi.org/10.1016/0109-5641(95)80006-9 (1995).
Senn, S. Cross-over Trials in Clinical Research. 2nd edn, (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2002).
Boersma, J. G., van der Veen, M. H., Lagerweij, M. D., Bokhout, B. & Prahl-Andersen, B. Caries prevalence measured with QLF after treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances: influencing factors. Caries Res 39, 41–47, https://doi.org/10.1159/000081655 (2005).
van der Veen, M. H., Attin, R., Schwestka-Polly, R. & Wiechmann, D. Caries outcomes after orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances: do lingual brackets make a difference? Eur J Oral Sci 118, 298–303, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.2010.00733.xEOS733 (2010).
Greenland, S. et al. Statistical tests, P values, confidence intervals, and power: a guide to misinterpretations. Eur J Epidemiol 31, 337–350, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-016-0149-3 (2016).
Jones, B. & Kenward, M. G. Design and Analysis of Cross-Over Trials. 3rd edn, (CRC Press, 2015).
