Orofacial pain fact sheet.
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Facial pain.
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An introduction to orofacial pain.
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Chronic pain and overview or differential diagnoses of non-odontogenic orofacial pain.
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Bell’s Oral and Facial Pain.
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The validity of pain intensity measures: what do the NRS, VAS, VRS, and FPS-R measure?.
Scand J Pain. 2018; 18: 99-107
Counseling and physical therapy as treatment for myofascial pain of the masticatory system.
J Orofac Pain. 2003; 17: 42-49
Myofascial temporomandibular disorder.
Curr Rheumatol Rev. 2016; 12: 40-54
The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition.
Cephalalgia. 2018; 38: 1-211
Indomethacin-responsive headache syndromes.
Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2004; 8: 19-26
Diagnosis and management of non-dental orofacial pain.
Dent Update. 2007; 34 (): 134-136
Oral medicine: 9—orofacial pain.
Dent Update. 2013; 40: 493-501
Tooth-related pain or not?.
Headache. 2020; 60: 235-246
Chronic orofacial pain.
J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2020; 127: 575-588
Chronic orofacial pain.
Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2010; 14: 33-40
Management of chronic orofacial pain: today and tomorrow.
Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2003; 24 (): 909-920
Differential diagnosis of toothache to prevent erroneous and unnecessary dental treatment.
J Oral Rehabil. 2020; 47: 775-781
Systematic review and recommendations for nonodontogenic toothache.
J Oral Rehabil. 2014; 41: 843-852
Chronic orofacial pain: a clinical challenge.
N Z Dent J. 2008; 104: 44-48
Cracked tooth syndrome: overview of literature.
Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2015; 5: 164-168
Orofacial pain and toothache as the sole symptom of an acute myocardial infarction entails a major risk of misdiagnosis and death.
J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2020; 34: 53-60
Acute sinusitis: a cost-effective approach to diagnosis and treatment.
Am Fam Physician. 1998; 58 (): 1795-1802
Musculoskeletal disorders.
Dent Clin North Am. 2018; 62: 553-564
Etiology of myofascial trigger points.
Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2012; 16: 439-444
Myofascial trigger points.
Med Clin North Am. 2007; 91: 229-239
Travell & Simons’ Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual.
Williams & Wilkins,
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International RDC/TMD Consortium Network, International Association for Dental Research; Orofacial Pain Special Interest Group, International Association for the Study of Pain. Diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD) for clinical and research applications: recommendations of the International RCD/TMD Consortium Network and Orofacial Pain Special Interest Group.
J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2014; 28: 6-27
Focused review: myofascial pain.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002; 83: S40-S49
Pathophysiology of trigger points in myofascial pain syndrome.
J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2017; 31: 158-159
Myofascial head pain.
Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2015; 19: 28
Diagnosis of myofascial pain syndrome.
Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2014; 25: 341-355
Myofascial pain syndromes and their evaluation.
Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2007; 21: 427-445
Myofascial pain with referral from the anterior digastric muscle mimicking a toothache in the mandibular anterior teeth: a case report.
Quintessence Int. 2020; 51: 56-62
Myofascial pain syndrome misdiagnosed as odontogenic pain: a case report.
Cranio. 2002; 20: 307-311
Temporomandibular joint pain referred from muscles of the head and neck.
J Prosthet Dent. 1960; 10: 745-763
Referred craniofacial pain patterns in patients with temporomandibular disorder.
JADA. 2000; 131: 1307-1315
Myofascial pain and toothaches.
Aust Endod J. 2005; 31: 106-110
Temporomandibular disorder and comorbid neck pain: facts and hypotheses regarding pain-induced and rehabilitation-induced motor activity changes.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2018; 96: 1051-1059
Ultrasound imaging of embedded shrapnel facilitates diagnosis and management of myofascial pain syndrome.
Pain Pract. 2013; 13: 405-408
Orofacial pain of cervical origin: a case report.
J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2018; 22: 276-280
Hammi C, Schroeder JD, Yeung B. Trigger point injection. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL; 2020.
Myofascial pain syndrome treatments.
Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2014; 25: 357-374
Myofascial pain.
Semin Neurol. 2018; 38: 640-643
Levator ani trigger point injections: an underutilized treatment for chronic pelvic pain.
Neurourol Urodyn. 2007; 26: 59-62
Use of trigger point injections in chronic pelvic pain.
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 1993; 20: 809-815
Different substances and dry-needling injections in patients with myofascial pain and headaches.
Cranio. 2008; 26: 96-103
The IASP classification of chronic pain for ICD-11: chronic neuropathic pain.
Pain. 2019; 160: 53-59
Neuropathic pain in the general population: a systematic review of epidemiological studies.
Pain. 2014; 155: 654-662
Neuropathic pain.
Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017; 3: 17002
Trigeminal neuralgia: an overview from pathophysiology to pharmacological treatments.
Mol Pain. 2020; 16 ()
Trigeminal neuralgia mimicking odontogenic pain: a report of two cases.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1995; 80: 96-100
Trigeminal neuralgia: diagnosis and treatment.
Cephalalgia. 2017; 37: 648-657
Prevalence of trigeminal neuralgia: a systematic review.
JADA. 2016; 147: 570-576 e2
Trigeminal neuralgia: a prospective systematic study of clinical characteristics in 158 patients.
Headache. 2014; 54: 1574-1582
Triggering trigeminal neuralgia.
Cephalalgia. 2018; 38: 1049-1056
Trigeminal neuralgia: new classification and diagnostic grading for practice and research.
Neurology. 2016; 87: 220-228
European Academy of Neurology guideline on trigeminal neuralgia.
Eur J Neurol. 2019; 26: 831-849
Neurovascular orofacial pain.
JADA. 2010; 141: 1094-1096
Neurovascular orofacial pain.
in: Farah C.S. Balasubramaniam R. McCullough M.J. Contemporary Oral Medicine. Springer International Publishing,
Cham, Switzerland2017: 1-22
Paroxysmal hemicrania.
Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2018; 21: S16-S22
Paroxysmal hemicrania: a prospective clinical study of 31 cases.
Brain. 2008; 131: 1142-1155
Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, part 2: paroxysmal hemicrania.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007; 104: 640-646
Cracked tooth syndrome mimicking trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia: a report of four cases.
Quintessence Int. 2017; 48: 329-337
Unilateral photophobia or phonophobia in migraine compared with trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias.
Cephalalgia. 2008; 28: 626-630
Indomethacin-responsive headaches.
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2015; 15: 516
Paroxysmal hemicrania: an update.
Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2014; 18: 407
Nondental orofacial pain in dental practices: diagnosis, therapy and self-assessment of German dentists and dental students.
Eur J Pain. 2019; 23: 66-71