Kato A, Ziegler A, Higuchi N, Nakata K, Nakamura H, Ohno N. Aetiology, incidence and morphology of the C-shaped root canal system and its impact on clinical endodontics. Int Endod J. 2014;47:1012–33.
Jafarzadeb H, Wu YN. The C-shaped root canal configuration: a review. J Endod. 2007;33:517–23.
Fukuya T. A morphological study on gutter shaped root tooth. J Kyushu Dent Soc. 1976;29:557–76 (in Japanese).
Kotoku K. Morphological studies on the roots of the Japanese mandibular second molars. Shikwa Gakuho. 1985;85:43–64 (in Japanese).
Zheng Q, Zhang L, Zhou X, Wang Y, Tang L, Song F, et al. C-shaped root canal system in mandibular second molars in a Chinese population evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography. Int Endod J. 2011;44:857–62.
Zhang R, Wang H, Tian YY, Yu X, Hu T, Fummer MH. Use of cone-beam computed tomography to evaluate root and canal morphology of mandibular molars in Chinese individuals. Int Endod J. 2011;44:990–9.
Seo MS, Park DS. C-shaped root canals of mandibular second molars in a Korean population: clinical observation and in vitro analysis. Int Endod J. 2004;37:139–44.
Jin GC, Lee SJ, Rob BD. Anatomical study of C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars by analysis of computed tomography. J Endod. 2006;32:10–3.
Fan B, Cheung GS, Fan M, Gutmann JL, Bian Z. C-shaped canal system in mandibular second molars: Part I—anatomical features. J Endod. 2004;30:899–903.
Fan B, Cheung GS, Fan M, Gutmann JL, Fan W. C-shaped canal system in mandibular second molars: part II—radiographic features. J Endod. 2004;30:904–8.
Melton DC, Krell KV, Fuller MW. Anatomical and histological features of C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars. J Endod. 1991;17:384–8.
Fan W, Fan B, Gutmann JL, Cheung GS. Identification of C-shaped canal in mandibular second molars. Part I: Radiographic and anatomical features revealed by intraradicular contrast media. J Endod. 2007;33:806–10.
Fan B, Gao Y, Fan W, Gutmann JL. Identification of C-shaped canal in mandibular second molars. Part II: the effect of bone image superimposition and intraradicular contrast medium on radiograph interpretation. J Endod. 2008;34:160–5.
Fan W, Fan B, Gutmann JL, Fan M. Identification of C-shaped canal in mandibular second molars. Part III: anatomic features revealed by digital subtraction radiography. J Endod. 2008;34:1187–90.
Jung HJ, Lee SS, Huh KH, Yi WJ, Heo MS, Choi SC. Predicting the configuration of a C-shaped canal system from panoramic radiographs. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010;109:e37–41.
Sinanoglu A, Helvacioglu-Yigit D. Analysis of C-shaped canals by panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography: root-type specificity by longitudinal distribution. J Endod. 2014;40:917–21.
Gaeta-Araujo H, Fontenele RC, Nascimento EHL, Nascimento MCC, Freitas DQ, Oliveira-Santos C. Association between the root canal configuration, endodontic treatment technical errors, and periapical hypodensities in molar teeth. A cone-beam computed tomography study. J Endod. 2019;45:1465–71.
Hayashi T, Arai Y, Chikui T, Hayashi-Sakai S, Honda K, Indo H, et al. Clinical guidelines for dental cone-beam computed tomography. Oral Radiol. 2018;34:89–104.