Ørstavik D. Apical periodontitis. In: Ørstavik D, editor. Essential endodontology. Wiley; 2019. p. 1–10.
Kassebaum NJ, Bernabé E, Dahiya M, Bhandari B, Murray CJ, Marcenes W. Global burden of untreated caries: a systematic review and metaregression. J Dent Res. 2015;94:650–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034515573272 (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Kirkevang LL, Ørstavik D, Hörsted-Bindslev P, Wenzel A. Periapical status and quality of root fillings and coronal restorations in a Danish population. Int Endod J. 2000;33:509–15. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.2000.00381.x (Published Online First: Epub Date).
El Merini H, Amarir H, Lamzawaq A, Hamza M. Periapical status and quality of root canal fillings in a Moroccan subpopulation. Int J Dent. 2017;2017:1068982. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1068982 (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Tibúrcio-Machado CS, Michelon C, Zanatta FB, Gomes MS, Marin JA, Bier CA. The global prevalence of apical periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Endod J. 2021;54:712–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.13467 (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Chugal NM, Clive JM, Spångberg LS. Endodontic infection: some biologic and treatment factors associated with outcome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2003;96:81–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1079-2104(02)91703-8 (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Sjögren U, Figdor D, Persson S, Sundqvist G. Influence of infection at the time of root filling on the outcome of endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis. Int Endod J. 1997;30:297–306. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.1997.00092.x (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Bystrom A, Happonen RP, Sjogren U, Sundqvist G. Healing of periapical lesions of pulpless teeth after endodontic treatment with controlled asepsis. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1987;3:58–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1987.tb00543.x (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Ray HA, Trope M. Periapical status of endodontically treated teeth in relation to the technical quality of the root filling and the coronal restoration. Int Endod J. 1995;28:12–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1995.tb00150.x (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Ng YL, Mann V, Gulabivala K. A prospective study of the factors affecting outcomes of non-surgical root canal treatment: part 2: tooth survival. Int Endod J. 2011;44:610–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01873.x (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Jakovljevic A, Nikolic N, Jacimovic J, Pavlovic O, Milicic B, Beljic-Ivanovic K, Miletic M, Andric M, Milasin J. Prevalence of apical periodontitis and conventional nonsurgical root canal treatment in general adult population: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies published between 2012 and 2020. J Endod. 2020;46:1371-86.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2020.07.007 (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Eckerbom M, Magnusson T. Evaluation of technical quality of endodontic treatment—reliability of intraoral radiographs. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1997;13:259–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1997.tb00052.x (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Abella F, Patel S, Duran-Sindreu F, Mercadé M, Bueno R, Roig M. Evaluating the periapical status of teeth with irreversible pulpitis by using cone-beam computed tomography scanning and periapical radiographs. J Endod. 2012;38:1588–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2012.09.003 (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Mostafapoor M, Hemmatian S. Evaluation of the accuracy values of cone-beam CT regarding apical periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Radiol. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11282-021-00549-z (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Di Filippo G, Sidhu SK, Chong BS. Apical periodontitis and the technical quality of root canal treatment in an adult sub-population in London. Br Dent J. 2014;216:E22. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.404.
Mukhaimer R, Hussein E, Orafi I. Prevalence of apical periodontitis and quality of root canal treatment in an adult Palestinian sub-population. Saudi Dent J. 2012;24:149–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2012.02.001 (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Frisk F, Hugoson A, Hakeberg M. Technical quality of root fillings and periapical status in root filled teeth in Jönköping. Sweden Int Endod J. 2008;41:958–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2008.01457.x (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Kirkevang LL, Hörsted-Bindslev P, Ørstavik D, Wenzel A. Frequency and distribution of endodontically treated teeth and apical periodontitis in an urban Danish population. Int Endod J. 2001;34:198–205. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.2001.00370.x (Published Online First: Epub Date).
El Ouarti I, Chala S, Sakout M, Abdallaoui F. Prevalence and risk factors of Apical periodontitis in endodontically treated teeth: cross-sectional study in an Adult Moroccan subpopulation. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21(1):124. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01491-6 (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Nagendrababu V, Duncan HF, Fouad AF, Kirkevang LL, Parashos P, Pigg M, Vaeth M, Jayaraman J, Dummer PMH. Preferred reporting items for observational studies in endodontics (PROBE) guidelines: a development protocol. Int Endod J. 2020;53:1199–203. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.13318 (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Archana D, Gopikrishna V, Gutmann JL, Savadamoorthi KS, Kumar AR, Narayanan LL. Prevalence of periradicular radiolucencies and its association with the quality of root canal procedures and coronal restorations in an adult urban Indian population. J Conserv Dent. 2015;18:34–8. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-0707.148888 (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Oginni AO, Adeleke AA, Chandler NP. Root canal treatment and prevalence of apical periodontitis in a Nigerian adult subpopulation: a radiographic study. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2015;13:85–90. https://doi.org/10.3290/j.ohpd.a31661 (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Karabucak B, Bunes A, Chehoud C, Kohli MR, Setzer F. Prevalence of apical periodontitis in endodontically treated premolars and molars with untreated canal: a cone-beam computed tomography study. J Endod. 2016;42:538–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2015.12.026.
Chala S, Abouqal R, Abdallaoui F. Prevalence of apical periodontitis and factors associated with the periradicular status. Acta Odontol Scand. 2011;69:355–9. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016357.2011.568967 (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Ballikaya E, Koc N, Avcu N, Cehreli ZC. The quality of root canal treatment and periapical status of permanent teeth in Turkish children and teens: a retrospective CBCT study. Oral Radiol. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11282-021-00570-2 (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Zhang MM, Liang YH, Gao XJ, Jiang L, van der Sluis L, Wu MK. Management of apical periodontitis: healing of post-treatment periapical lesions present 1 year after endodontic treatment. J Endod. 2015;41:1020–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2015.02.019 (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Al-Nazhan SA, Alsaeed SA, Al-Attas HA, Dohaithem AJ, Al-Serhan MS, Al-Maflehi NS. Prevalence of apical periodontitis and quality of root canal treatment in an adult Saudi population. Saudi Med J. 2017;38:413–21. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2017.4.16409 (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Alfouzan K, Baskaradoss JK, Geevarghese A, Alzahrani M, Alhezaimi K. Radiographic diagnosis of periapical status and quality of root canal fillings in a Saudi Arabian subpopulation. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2016;14:241–8. https://doi.org/10.3290/j.ohpd.a35299 (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Alrahabi M, Younes H. A cross-sectional study of the quality of root canal treatment in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah. Saudi Endod J. 2016;6:31–5. https://doi.org/10.4103/1658-5984.172005 (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Mashyakhy M, Alkahtany M. Prevalence of apical periodontitis between root canal-treated and non-treated teeth and between genders: a cross-sectional CBCT study. Niger J Clin Pract. 2021;24:1656–61. https://doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_627_20 (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Meirinhos J, Martins JNR, Pereira B, Baruwa A, Gouveia J, Quaresma SA, Monroe A, Ginjeira A. Prevalence of apical periodontitis and its association with previous root canal treatment, root canal filling length and type of coronal restoration—a cross-sectional study. Int Endod J. 2020;53:573–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.13256 (Published Online First: Epub Date).
da Silva Ramos Fernandes LMP, Ordinola-Zapata R, Húngaro Duarte MA, Alvares Capelozza AL. Prevalence of apical periodontitis detected in cone beam CT images of a Brazilian subpopulation. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2013;42:80179163. https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr/80179163 (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Badole GP, Bahadure RN, Warhadpande MM, Kubde R. A rare root canal configuration of maxillary second molar: a case report. Case Rep Dent. 2012;2012:767582. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/767582 (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Ordinola-Zapata R, Bramante CM, Duarte MH, Ramos Fernandes LM, Camargo EJ, de Moraes IG, Bernardineli N, Vivan RR, Capelozza AL, Garcia RB. The influence of cone-beam computed tomography and periapical radiographic evaluation on the assessment of periapical bone destruction in dog’s teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2011;112:272–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.01.031 (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Mashyakhy M, Chourasia HR, Halboub E, Almashraqi AA, Khubrani Y, Gambarini G. Anatomical variations and bilateral symmetry of roots and root canal system of mandibular first permanent molars in Saudi Arabian population utilizing cone-beam computed tomography. Saudi Dent J. 2019;31:481–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.04.001 (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Mashyakhy M, Jabali A, Alabsi FS, AbuMelha A, Alkahtany M, Bhandi S. Anatomical evaluation of mandibular molars in a Saudi population: an in vivo cone-beam computed tomography study. Int J Dent. 2021;2021:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5594464 (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Dutta A, Smith-Jack F, Saunders WP. Prevalence of periradicular periodontitis in a Scottish subpopulation found on CBCT images. Int Endod J. 2014;47:854–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.12228 (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Van der Veken D, Curvers F, Fieuws S, Lambrechts P. Prevalence of apical periodontitis and root filled teeth in a Belgian subpopulation found on CBCT images. Int Endod J. 2017;50:317–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.12631 (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Estrela C, Bueno MR, Leles CR, Azevedo B, Azevedo JR. Accuracy of cone beam computed tomography and panoramic and periapical radiography for detection of apical periodontitis. J Endod. 2008;34:273–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2007.11.023 (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Zhang W, Rajani S, Wang BY. Comparison of periodontal evaluation by cone-beam computed tomography, and clinical and intraoral radiographic examinations. Oral Radiol. 2018;34:208–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11282-017-0298-4 (Published Online First: Epub Date).
Eriksen HM. Endodontology–epidemiologic considerations. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1991;7:189–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1991.tb00434.x (Published Online First: Epub Date).
